Tooth decay is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. According to studies, genetics may be a factor in cavity formation. A new study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation reveals that keratins, proteins associated with strong hair, are essential for tooth enamel integrity. Maria Morasso and colleagues at the National Institutes of Health found that individuals with mutations in hair keratin genes are prone to cavities. Tooth enamel from individuals with keratin mutations had abnormal structures that resulted in weakness. The results from this study reveal a link between hair disorders and cavity formation.

What are Keratin Proteins?

Keratins are a group of tough, fibrous proteins that are the key structural component of animal hair, nails, feathers, hooves, and horns. In humans, keratins are also found in the outermost layer of the skin, called the epidermis, and in tooth enamel. These proteins provide strength and protection to various structures in the body.